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Good Read

Kinda like the Richter earthquake scale. Something like a 7.0 quake is 10X more intense than a 6.0. Not just 1 Point more.
It is interesting because it is counter intuitive.

3 dB represents a doubling in power.
So 2x
The next 3db represents a doubling in power
So 4x
The next 3dB represents another doubling
So 8x
If you then add one more dB you get
10x.

Another way of saying that is that that last dB represents the same amount of power as the first 3dB's in that sequence of 10.

But if you go to 12 dB you are at
16x

That's the easiest way to think about it.
The article goes into detail regarding the differing way in which our ears register noises. Our ears are also non-linear but not in the same way that a microphone or other audio sensor is non-linear. That complicates things some. Sound power makes a whole lot more sense when converted to watts.

It is a good article.
 
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Also, keep in mind the shooters ear is much closer to the shotgun blast than the dog, increasing the humans exposure to more harmful noise, as sound is subject to inverse square law.

"For every doubling of distance, the sound level reduces by 6 decibels"

*Edit* Not sure if OP's article covers this already, as I only skimmed, but here is a calculator for it.


-Matt
 
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