If a pistol is placed in a rifle stock and is meant to be fired from the shoulder, it's a rifle. You can call it a carbine too, which is a generally accepted term for a rifle with a barrel that is shorter than most rifles (usually around 14" to 16" inches). However, If you need a new term to describe a pistol that is made into a shoulder fired airgun, how about a SBAR (short barreled air-rifle)? There. New definition created. Henceforce all pistols that have shoulder stocks shall be know as an SBAR (with short barrels of course).
Although attempting to assign labels can be pretty easy, sometimes not. But I agree with you John; a sure-fire, inarguable difference is any kind of rifle has a shoulder-stock, and any kind of pistol doesn't. Examples-
Rifle-
Pistol-
Man, am I glad we've finally put this debate to bed once and for all!
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