Tuning Impact M3 first (front) reg washer stack and delta between regs?

In this old thread from may: https://www.airgunnation.com/topic/impact-m3-first-regulator-issues/

...there was discussion on the first reg washer stack. FX support said ()()()()(). Member @weatherby successfully used )) (()) (()) ( , but needed extra washers. Very recently in the AEAC RMAC video, one competitor said he worked with Ernest and found a better stack. Also there were some competitors using very low delta between regs of like 10-20bar. I fully expect new things have been learned about this system since launch.

What I'm really chasing is fine tuning the air system to slow down reg creep while maintaining or tightening shot consistency. My first reg is set to 150 bar but can swing by about +-18 bar in operation. My second reg is set to 95 bar and velocity is set to 96.4% of max . My last 23 shot string when the gun was cooled down with some starting shots, was ES 8, SD 3, so pretty good when it isn't sitting around. 

After sitting for an hour, the second reg creeps by about 1-2 bar and my first shot is 10-12fps slow. Usually 1-2 shots are needed before the gun is settled in. After sitting for 12 hours, the second reg will have creeped up to 5 bar total, so the reg creep appears to have an exponential decay component to it. First shot after sitting 12 hours is about 30fps slower and 4-6 shots are needed to settle the gun in.

From my searching and reading, reg creeping 5 bars overnight is fairly normal. Ex: one member explained that his FX regulator creeped 10 bar overnight, so he replaced it with a Huma and that creeped 5 bars.

What I'm thinking is that if that first reg can be tightened up so that it is performing better and with less swing, that the delta between regs can be dropped which may slow normal second reg creep. I am not sure what effect this will have on the second reg performance, though. Slower fill? Less or more consistent? 

We're living in the worst possible ammo supply times to get to the bottom of such things, so hoping to narrow testing down with community feedback on this.
 
I just had the 1st regulator out of my M3 and the factory washer stack was: (())(())(())

I don't have creep issues with the second regulator, but the first regulator was sometimes "sticky" and slow to respond, after several shots often dropping down to even or just a couple bar above the second regulator setpoint before it would decide to refill to the set pressure. Never saw that show up on the chronograph, but decided to take it apart and inspect it before it became a problem. The first regulator would also creep up 10-15 bar after sitting for a day or two, but again, since the second regulator doesn't creep I never noticed a velocity change on the first shot after sitting a few days.

After the cleaning and relube of the 1st regulator it's much better in both response immediately after taking a shot and also for creep. 

I have the 1st regulator at 160 bar and the second at 135.

Also, because I have great luck, while I was taking the bottle on and off to adjust the 1st regulator after rebuilding it, the bottle check valve decided it didn't want to seal anymore and dumped all the air... ugh. So now I have o rings coming for the bottle check valve. Hopefully it's not the conical delrin valve pin or the valve seat that decided to fail otherwise I'll have to order more parts. At least I can keep shooting-- I just can't remove the bottle without it dumping the entire fill.
 
Something else that may be a factor is performance of second reg at various pressures. You are having no creep at 135b, and I think I read someone else say it was working well for them at 140b. Maybe second reg as it comes from the factory works better/has less creep at higher pressures.

I'm just starting to dig into this, but also suspect different washer stacks will work better at different pressures.
 
I was reading up on the maverick daul regs and delta some were saying the lower the bar between the regs the more consistent and less creep they were getting read like you said 10 to 20 bar I was doing research because I put a huma bottle reg on my impact mk 2 which I received just before the maverick came out and wanted to try out the daul regs without going threw the hassle of selling my new impact and try to buy another new maverick and have to wait a bunch again to receive it 
 
Stumbled upon this vid by Ernest all about regulator creep and how to attempt to fix it by polishing. He also mentions creep happening if the washer stack is not matched well to the plenum pressure:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p-p-sGTJCiA



This was a great video and really helped my understanding of how FX regulators work. Delta across regs is going to have an effect, but it should be pretty small. The tiny size of the passageway is going to severely limit the force upstream pressure can apply to the reg piston (the whole point of reg design). That said, higher pressure is also going to leak easier and maybe sneak past an imperfect piston-screw sealing surface. The reg adjustment screw is effectively changing the 'gap' between screw and piston. The more of this gap there is, the more the piston has to compress the washer stack to achieve seal and the higher the final plenum pressure will be.

My take - lower reg delta (meaning going from 50 bar to 10-20bar) is probably a band-aid that covers for imperfect sealing surfaces or final reg washer stack ill-matched to target plenum pressure. Maybe the FX final reg washer stack is best suited to ~140 bar? Or maybe manufacturing tolerances of of the piston/screw interface mean that you need a reg delta of ~25 bar to ensure no or very slow creep in most cases?



I'm going to clean/inspect my first reg as @kiba suggested. Since my Nielsen slug order just came in I'll see what happens to the creep at higher final reg pressures in the ~140b range.
 
No need to strip it down, but you will have to take off a few parts. Remove the bottle, drain all the air from the plenum (might have to shoot it on min hammer tension a couple times for it to dump), remove bottle gauge and 1st reg gauge, unscrew and remove the valve adjuster knob and spring.

At this point if you have a larger vise with very wide jaws, hold the rifle vertically with the barrel facing up and clamp the lower action in front of the trigger where the gauges attach in the vise but stay below the cocking block. If you have a smaller/shallower vise like I do that won't allow you to clamp the rifle that way, simply remove the grip and lower trigger guard/rail and then clamp the lower action in the vise lengthwise with the rifle upright clamping on the flat areas of the lower action in front and behind the trigger. Just be careful you don't also clamp the safety lever in the vise.

I put some masking tape on both sides of the lower action where it contacts the vise and also used plastic soft jaws in my vise.

My bottle fitting / front reg was in fairly snug, but not crazy tight. I also put some masking tape on the front of the action around the bottle fitting so the socket wouldn't leave marks.

When you reinstall the bottle fitting / 1st reg, you want it fairly snug in the action as you don't want it to unscrew from the action when you unscrew the bottle.

Not that I recommend this... but if you want to remove the first reg the quick and dirty way, hold the rifle firmly in your hands by the grip and put a socket on an electric impact-- a quick zap from the impact should break it free. Just make sure you protect the front of the action really well if you decide to loosen the bottle adapter with an electric impact because the socket rattling against the front of the action will probably mark it up pretty badly.
 
I took apart both first and second regs and cleaned/lubed/polished them. I not only polished the piston and adjustment screw faces like Ernest showed in the video above, but I also polished all the sliding surfaces with 8000 grit polishing paper. Creep in the second reg has slowed, but not completely. When I started on this tuning path, I was running a pellet tune with 95 bar second reg pressure and creep was 1-2 bar an hour and 5 bars overnight. When I upped the second reg to 150 bar to do slug testing, creep got even worse, and was 1-2 bars in minutes. After the polishing and reg reassembly, second reg creep at 150 bar is about 1-2 bar per hour. I suspect that creep at the original 95 bar pressure would be very low to eliminated now.

First reg seems a little more consistent now as well, but still not perfect.



Here is the polishing paper Ernest uses. This is handy stuff and I'll be buying more for other uses: https://www.amazon.com/Tri-M-Ite-Polishing-Abrasive-Assorted-Sheets/dp/B07CP9CCH4/ref=sr_1_6?dchild=1&keywords=3m+polishing+paper&qid=1631762879&sr=8-6



To pull the second reg piston out of the receiver, I used a piece of 5/32" (4.0mm) soft rubber automotive vacuum/windshield washer hose.



To stack the reg washers and push reg piston out of first reg, I used the ink-tube out of a Bic pen.



To pull the first reg out of the receiver, I first took off the gauges and put the receiver in a vise. The vise clearance challenges here cannot fully be appreciated until you attempt it. As I applied torque to the first reg with a socket and ratchet, I didn't like how it was feeling. It felt really tight, I wasn't totally happy with the grip I had on the receiver, and the mediocre soft jaws on my vise were shifting. I switched to my 12v electric impact, carefully pre-loadeding the socket and guiding it with my hand. It came out easy with gentle trigger control. In my opinion the factory tightness of this reg may be safety overkill. I re-installed it with the electric impact as well, but mine is small and has a controllable trigger. I first tightened the reg with ratchet by hand, then using the electric impact and preloading the socket by hand to take out all the slop, gave it 3 or 4 easy 'clacks'. It only has to be slightly tighter than the resistance generated when unscrewing the bottle. Worst case if it starts unscrewing at some point in the future, I'll just get a wrench on the flats to hold it in place. I also pay attention when pulling the bottle, and I'm sure FX is trying to prevent someone who doesn't pay attention from having an 'interesting' bottle changing experience.



First reg washer stack was not fully inspected before I dropped the washers, but it was close to what @kiba reported above, so that is what I reinstalled with:

(())(())(())



Second reg washer stack I had a better plan for capturing the washers. Second reg was 11 washers in the following order:

*REG HOUSING* )()()()()() *PISTON*



Some final notes and thoughts -

Although FX says you can now adjust reg pressure DOWNWARD by making small adjustments and dry firing in between, I won't be doing this any more. I now appreciate just how precious that sealing surface is to prevent creep and I don't want to do anything that could potentially jeopardize it. 

The second reg, especially, seems less responsive at the higher pressures I'm using at this slug tune, even after the lube and polish: First reg 185 bar, Second reg 150 bar. Looking at the way Huma has washer stacks for their low and high pressure regs (see image in the following linked post), the FX OEM regs are probably biased towards operation at lower pressures than this. https://www.airgunnation.com/topic/fx-impact-mk2-regulator-problem/#post-668423 Considering the caliber range and pellet tunes Impacts are shipping with, I am guessing the second reg is optimized for something like 80-130 bar.

Lower delta between regs seems to slow creep down slightly, but also slows second reg fill time down some. I can't speak to reg delta effect on shot to shot consistency since I haven't tested that. I think we might need to get into digital reg gauges to evaluate there. On a high power slug tune with ~150b second reg pressure I could see trying disabling the first reg to simplify the system and remove fill restrictions upstream of the second reg. 

So where I'm at now is that I finally have enough Nielsen slugs to determine if they will be viable. If I like the results I'll be looking at modifying the second reg washer stack or getting one of the huma high power regs to get better response at the higher pressures.