I NEVER use anything aggressive to clean my barrels, just a drop of gun oil and some patches, and a copper brush for guns that shoot FMJ. Avoid anything with copper solvents in your air rifle barrel for instance, like the JB bore paste. You can do more harm than good with that stuff if you don't know what you're doing. When cleaning, always protect your muzzle crown and chamber (in powder burners especially), just the slightest damage can cause serious inaccuracy.
After cleaning, your barrel needs to be seasoned again, that's normal. Depending on the level of cleaning, that might take a few shots to even 100+. Air rifle barrels don't need much cleaning at all. I only clean my air rifles (or oil my barrels) when I store them for a longer period of time to prevent them from rusting, of when ever I see groups opening up. My advice, stop the whole polishing thing (totally unnecessary with air rifles!) and season the barrel first, and next time just use cleaning pellets, a cleaning rod, or a bore snake.