FX PCP Airgun Tuning - Why would the FPS go down when increasing the Hammer Spring at a constant reg pressure.

[SOTL]

Hi All I have a very early FX Crown (in the first 500 made) It has the 8mm reg piston - I only mention that to date it.

Now I have been out of shooting it for a while and it used to be an good gun and Shot JSB King Heavy MKII’s best at about 800fps and 120bar reg, this was how it came from the factory with a 600mm barrel.

I wanted to experiment with slugs. I watched all the usual Youtube suspects re tuning and got to work practicing on pellets first. In the end I got to about 155 bar reg pressure and had effectively maxed out the HST, on the MAX setting. it was shooting the MKII’s at about 930 fps but it sounded terrible, it wasn’t consistent, or accurate with the extra distance I could now achieve and I realised somewhere down the road I’d turned into a blind alley and this was just not right…

So Ive left the HST on almost Max when it was on MAX on the dial. I then reduced the Reg pressure to 100 bar, to start again. I had a tin of the lighter JSB Kings and started using them to experiment with. With my reg at 100 bar Im getting about 910-920fps with the HST at the “MIN” setting on the wheel.

Now here is what I really cant get my head around, and is making me question what I think I know…

When I keep the reg the same and increase the HST the FPS falls, and it does so linearly in line with the increase in HST so at the “MAX” position on the wheel I get 720ish FPS. Also the sound of the gun changes and becomes quieter and more “dull” less of a pop or crack and more of a hollow “thud”. what is more this is very consistent, if I turn the HST back down I get 920, back up I get 720. its not just all over the place

I thought that HST would increase FPS if every thing remains the same, or at very least it would not increase FPS, but to significantly reduce the FPS??? this makes no sense and I cant fathom how the mechanics of this would play out. I get that increased reg Pressure provides more resistance to HST so you get a shorter open duration on the valve and results in a decrease in FPS, but Im not touching the reg…so what gives

Can someone help me understand why this is? I thought I understood this, well until today!

Regards
SOTL

 

[Endeavor]

You stated the reg pressure was at 155bar then reduced to 100bar. When you increased the hammer to max it is over powering the pop it valve both is dwell time and force.
My take, no charge. Good Luck

 

[manabeknives]

Try looking at this vid..hope it helps

 

[SOTL]

Hi All again,

Thanks for the Replies - @manabeknives cheers for the link Ive watched that, and Steves 3 others including the one for the Impact and the other for the continuum. I watched Matt Dubbers, and about 6 more from many others too, including Whisky 68 and the boys from Utah, Ted - and Ive watched them 2-3 times each, perhaps it is just not going in…

@Endeavor I think I may need to clarify- at a reg pressure of 100bar ( main bottle is at 250 bar) with the Hammer Spring Tension wheel on “MIN” ( lowest) I get 920 fps. if I then increase the HST the FPS reduces linearly until at “MAX” I am at 720 FPS. -

[edit after some sleep] - All I can think of is that the hammer hit is so hard it hits the valve and the valve then travels inwards allows air out then bounces off the return spring so fast that the effective dwell (open time) is less with a smaller “puff” in total hence lower FPS or some issue with the gun ( which I doubt).

Agreed that the HST MAX was set up while at 155 bar but going to MIN then up should increase the speed not decrease it…- main bottle is full to 250bar.

What are the Mechanics at play here? I cant understand why that would happen in a properly functioning system.

At the end of the day Im in this for understanding, so that I can tune what ever gun in the future, so I could just blindly start again and ignore this but that would leave a hole in my understanding so Id like to know if anyone can put their finger on what it is that I am missing, and explain what the mechanics are.

 

[Scotty1]

As has been suggested, you are over-driving your valve at a lower reg pressure. Either turn up your reg pressure, or turn down your hammer spring preload.

 

[rokonman]

Hi All again,

Thanks for the Replies - @manabeknives cheers for the link Ive watched that, and Steves 3 others including the one for the Impact and the other for the continuum. I watched Matt Dubbers, and about 6 more from many others too, including Whisky 68 and the boys from Utah, Ted - and Ive watched them 2-3 times each, perhaps it is just not going in…

@Endeavor I think I may need to clarify- at a reg pressure of 100bar ( main bottle is at 250 bar) with the Hammer Spring Tension wheel on “MIN” ( lowest) I get 920 fps. if I then increase the HST the FPS reduces linearly until at “MAX” I am at 720 FPS. -

[edit after some sleep] - All I can think of is that the hammer hit is so hard it hits the valve and the valve then travels inwards allows air out then bounces off the return spring so fast that the effective dwell (open time) is less with a smaller “puff” in total hence lower FPS or some issue with the gun ( which I doubt).

Agreed that the MAX was set at 155 bar but going to MIN then up should increase the speed not decrease it…- main bottle is full to 250

What are the Mechanics at play here? I cant understand why that would happen in a properly functioning system.

At the end of the day Im in this for understanding, so that I can tune what ever gun in the future, so I could just blindly start again and ignore this but that would leave a hole in my understanding so Id like to know if anyone can put their finger on what it is that I am missing, and explain what the mechanics are.

Some of what holds the valve open is the pressure behind it. The relatively low regulated pressure can’t hold the valve open as long against the higher hammer spring setting. It’s a balancing act.

 

[AlanMcD]

I think the issue is that you are not understanding what people mean when people say you are overdriving the valve . . .

When tuned properly, the striker/hammer will not bottom out against the valve body - all the energy/momentum of the hammer will be managed by the poppet and the forces balancing out the system - this leads to a balancing of forces that defines the dwell time, consistent with all the variables (which in a regulated gun are pretty stable shot to shot, but are always changing if shooting unregulated).

When the hammer energy is sufficiently high enough, the striker will bottom out against the valve body. At first this might be just a light touch, but the more the force increases over that which is needed, the more the impact with the body will begin to dominate the balance of forces. As this happens, the hammer striker will be rebounding off the valve body faster than it would if it were just being managed by the poppet. This will lead to a reduction in airflow as the force increases above a certain point - more force leads to less air flow.

This is what you are doing - you are adding more energy into the valve body and not the poppet, and the hammer keeps rebounding faster and sooner the more you add . . . so the energy to the projectile is going down as more hammer energy is added.


Note: the description above is about the initial opening and closing of the valve, and does not impact what happens after the valve closes on the initial strike - that is all secondary, and may or may not lead to hammer bounce, which is a separate phenomena, but can be impacted by excess hammer energy.

 

[NAProf]

Hi All I have a very early FX Crown (in the first 500 made) It has the 8mm reg piston - I only mention that to date it.

Now I have been out of shooting it for a while and it used to be an good gun and Shot JSB King Heavy MKII’s best at about 800fps and 120bar reg, this was how it came from the factory with a 600mm barrel.

I wanted to experiment with slugs. I watched all the usual Youtube suspects re tuning and got to work practicing on pellets first. In the end I got to about 155 bar reg pressure and had effectively maxed out the HST, on the MAX setting. it was shooting the MKII’s at about 930 fps but it sounded terrible, it wasn’t consistent, or accurate with the extra distance I could now achieve and I realised somewhere down the road I’d turned into a blind alley and this was just not right…

So Ive left the HST on almost Max when it was on MAX on the dial. I then reduced the Reg pressure to 100 bar, to start again. I had a tin of the lighter JSB Kings and started using them to experiment with. With my reg at 100 bar Im getting about 910-920fps with the HST at the “MIN” setting on the wheel.

Now here is what I really cant get my head around, and is making me question what I think I know…

When I keep the reg the same and increase the HST the FPS falls, and it does so linearly in line with the increase in HST so at the “MAX” position on the wheel I get 720ish FPS. Also the sound of the gun changes and becomes quieter and more “dull” less of a pop or crack and more of a hollow “thud”. what is more this is very consistent, if I turn the HST back down I get 920, back up I get 720. its not just all over the place

I thought that HST would increase FPS if every thing remains the same, or at very least it would not increase FPS, but to significantly reduce the FPS??? this makes no sense and I cant fathom how the mechanics of this would play out. I get that increased reg Pressure provides more resistance to HST so you get a shorter open duration on the valve and results in a decrease in FPS, but Im not touching the reg…so what gives

Can someone help me understand why this is? I thought I understood this, well until today!

Regards
SOTL

Hi SOTL,
As a few others have stated the hammer spring tension and reg pressure is a balancing act. If you start with a low reg pressure and a middle hammer string tension the hammer with overdrive the valve and you will have a large valve opening and a high dwell time. That combination blows way more air out the barrel than needed and will cause low shot count and likely poor pellet groups because of the amount of disturbed air behind the pellet. If you have high reg pressure and too low a HST you may not even be able to open the valve. The usual symptoms are low velocities with large ES and SD. As you increase the HST the velocities will increase with better ES/SD. Eventually you will get to where there is no increase in velocity but the ES/SD start to go bad. In the last case you are increasing the dwell time so more air is discharged than needed and you are simply blowing air out the barrel after the pellet has left the muzzle.
The moral of the story is there has to be a balance of the HST and reg pressure. Watch the video below by "Sub12Airgunners" (my favorite Airgun YouTubers). He is tuning a sub12 Crown Mk I for pellets, but the procedure is true for pretty much all mechanical PCPs.
Cheers,
Greg

 

[HogKiller]

Grasshopper one must take a step on that journey of 10,000 slugs. As stated you are overpowering the valve, back off, creep up on it, then increase the reg pressure a bit and continue until things come together. You watched Matt Dubbers videos BUT did you catch the 10 seconds where he gives the entire key to slugs? Not one molecule of air more than is necessary to get the slug out the barrel? There is one other thing, you barrel may absolutely hate slugs. My magic numbers for slugs is a touch over 1,000 fps, and slug sizing is important. There is a significant difference between...in my case...a .251 (Javlin) and a .253 slug, (AVS) 40 to 50 fps in a TJ barrel, (JSAR Raptor) RMR/FX Hybrids work fine in my .25 Maverick, AT 1040fps, but I've cleaned up the liner and polished it. Good luck.

 

[tor47]

What also is most likely happening is that when the hammer strike reach a sertain ammount of force, the valve is open long enough until the projectile has left the muzzle. More air in the barrel after that will not do anything.

 

[JimD]

I'm sorry but the OP's question amounts to "why does my gun not do what I want it to when I do something stupid with it". The hammer spring setting has to be balanced against the regulator setting. It is just not as simple as more hammer spring gives more velocity. I've turned it up too high before too (i.e. done something stupid) but I just turned it down. The whole issue in tuning a regulated gun is to determine what hammer spring setting gives the maximum velocity for the regulator setting you are at and then decreasing a little (5% or less normally) from that setting to improve efficiency and possibly make it a bit quieter and possibly more accurate. I like to test settings a little above the velocity peak to at least 5% below for accuracy and pick the final setting based upon accuracy.

So if you find the velocity going up as you decrease the hammer spring setting keep going. At some point it will stop going up and start going down. The velocity peak tells you whether your regulator setting is consistent with your goals for the gun and/or projectile. If it is, then you need to turn it down a little and check accuracy. You can find the peak velocity for the regulator setting by going up or down in hammer spring force depending on the circumstances. Does not take long, is not difficult, and needs to be standard practice. I see no advantage to not doing it or questioning why your gun is doing what it is deigned to do.

If 5% below your peak will be too high or low, then change the regulator setting. If you go up, you should expect to have to go up in hammer spring force and if you go down, you should expect to need to reduce hammer spring force. The air pressure in the regulated chamber is most of what the hammer has to overcome to open the valve. That pressure is acting on the back of the valve creating a force on the valve holding it closed. The valve spring is a lessor resistance for the hammer. So a reduced regulator setting means an easier to open valve so a lower hammer spring force is going to work better than a higher one.

If you stop at 5% below the peak, it is also a good idea to check the velocity of the first shot after the gun sits overnight. Sometimes you will find it 20 fps or more low. If it is and you don't want that, go back up a little and check again to see if it goes away.

I watch the videos sometimes too and I learn something sometimes. But I think they are mainly a lot of gabbering that doesn't tell me much. The real process is just not that complicated. But if you do not follow the process you should not expect to get the gun to act like it will if you tune it correctly.

To me tuning a gun is fun and is second only to picking a pellet the gun likes to making it shoot accurately. I have never seen tuning change the pellet the gun shoots best but it can make a good shooting pellet shoot great.

 

[Mr12PM]

I think the issue is that you are not understanding what people mean when people say you are overdriving the valve . . .

When tuned properly, the striker/hammer will not bottom out against the valve body - all the energy/momentum of the hammer will be managed by the poppet and the forces balancing out the system - this leads to a balancing of forces that defines the dwell time, consistent with all the variables (which in a regulated gun are pretty stable shot to shot, but are always changing if shooting unregulated).

When the hammer energy is sufficiently high enough, the striker will bottom out against the valve body. At first this might be just a light touch, but the more the force increases over that which is needed, the more the impact with the body will begin to dominate the balance of forces. As this happens, the hammer striker will be rebounding off the valve body faster than it would if it were just being managed by the poppet. This will lead to a reduction in airflow as the force increases above a certain point - more force leads to less air flow.

This is what you are doing - you are adding more energy into the valve body and not the poppet, and the hammer keeps rebounding faster and sooner the more you add . . . so the energy to the projectile is going down as more hammer energy is added.


Note: the description above is about the initial opening and closing of the valve, and does not impact what happens after the valve closes on the initial strike - that is all secondary, and may or may not lead to hammer bounce, which is a separate phenomena, but can be impacted by excess hammer energy.

LOVE this explanation.

 

[Trucker3573]

Super simple….you are actually over powering the valve causing it to close more quickly. When you reach that point of velocity dropping you have to up the reg pressure or decrease the hammer spring.

 

[stovepipe]

Hi All I have a very early FX Crown (in the first 500 made) It has the 8mm reg piston - I only mention that to date it.

Now I have been out of shooting it for a while and it used to be an good gun and Shot JSB King Heavy MKII’s best at about 800fps and 120bar reg, this was how it came from the factory with a 600mm barrel.

I wanted to experiment with slugs. I watched all the usual Youtube suspects re tuning and got to work practicing on pellets first. In the end I got to about 155 bar reg pressure and had effectively maxed out the HST, on the MAX setting. it was shooting the MKII’s at about 930 fps but it sounded terrible, it wasn’t consistent, or accurate with the extra distance I could now achieve and I realised somewhere down the road I’d turned into a blind alley and this was just not right…

So Ive left the HST on almost Max when it was on MAX on the dial. I then reduced the Reg pressure to 100 bar, to start again. I had a tin of the lighter JSB Kings and started using them to experiment with. With my reg at 100 bar Im getting about 910-920fps with the HST at the “MIN” setting on the wheel.

Now here is what I really cant get my head around, and is making me question what I think I know…

When I keep the reg the same and increase the HST the FPS falls, and it does so linearly in line with the increase in HST so at the “MAX” position on the wheel I get 720ish FPS. Also the sound of the gun changes and becomes quieter and more “dull” less of a pop or crack and more of a hollow “thud”. what is more this is very consistent, if I turn the HST back down I get 920, back up I get 720. its not just all over the place

I thought that HST would increase FPS if every thing remains the same, or at very least it would not increase FPS, but to significantly reduce the FPS??? this makes no sense and I cant fathom how the mechanics of this would play out. I get that increased reg Pressure provides more resistance to HST so you get a shorter open duration on the valve and results in a decrease in FPS, but Im not touching the reg…so what gives

Can someone help me understand why this is? I thought I understood this, well until today!

Regards
SOTL

This is fun. Here's another way to think of it that is easy to relate to. Imagine that you are in a gymnasium and that you have a soccer ball. You are practicing kicking the ball straight up and measuring the time it takes the ball to come back down and hit the floor. In this scenario, your foot is the hammer and the ball is the valve. Gravity is the constant regulator pressure that is forcing the ball back to the floor -- forcing the valve to close. As you kick the ball harder and harder, the ball goes higher and higher (valve opens farther and farther) and the ball stays in the air longer and longer (valve is open for a longer period of time). This trend continues UNTIL you kick the ball so hard that it smacks the ceiling and BOUNCES off of the ceiling straight back down to the floor and was actually in the air for LESS time than the kick that ALMOST hit the ceiling. Once you are kicking the ball so hard that it is bouncing off the ceiling, harder kicks only result in the ball hitting the floor sooner -- so less time in the air (valve closing sooner). The height of the ceiling is the maximum height the ball can go (the maximum distance the valve will open).

Well crap -- after reading this back to myself, I'm not so sure it was actually easy to relate to. I gave it my best shot.

stovepipe

 

[AlanMcD]

This is fun. Here's another way to think of it that is easy to relate to. Imagine that you are in a gymnasium and that you have a soccer ball. You are practicing kicking the ball straight up and measuring the time it takes the ball to come back down and hit the floor. In this scenario, your foot is the hammer and the ball is the valve. Gravity is the constant regulator pressure that is forcing the ball back to the floor -- forcing the valve to close. As you kick the ball harder and harder, the ball goes higher and higher (valve opens farther and farther) and the ball stays in the air longer and longer (valve is open for a longer period of time). This trend continues UNTIL you kick the ball so hard that it smacks the ceiling and BOUNCES off of the ceiling straight back down to the floor and was actually in the air for LESS time than the kick that ALMOST hit the ceiling. Once you are kicking the ball so hard that it is bouncing off the ceiling, harder kicks only result in the ball hitting the floor sooner -- so less time in the air (valve closing sooner). The height of the ceiling is the maximum height the ball can go (the maximum distance the valve will open).

Well crap -- after reading this back to myself, I'm not so sure it was actually easy to relate to. I gave it my best shot.

stovepipe

This makes sense - it's a great real world analogy of the physical explanation I gave. Between the two posts, the OP should get it now . . . hopefully he will check back in and let us all know if he gets it . . .

 

[bchannell]

I learned on my Brocock Sniper that going too far on hammer spring tension has the opposite effect. As you increase tension fps increases to a point that slows and further increases show only minimal increase in speed and further hammer spring increase has the opposite effect.

 

[Caliber 22]

if I then increase the HST the FPS reduces linearly until at “MAX” I am at 720 FPS.

When I keep the reg the same and increase the HST the FPS falls, and it does so linearly in line with the increase in HST so at the “MAX” position on the wheel I get 720ish FPS.

I don't know the answer but if the speed reduces or increase linearly on adjusting the hammer spring I doubt that the return spring analogy is the culprit. That is just my way of thinking but I don't have any experience with it.

What I experienced with my rifle was that I set it to the best speed for precision and the next time shooting it would be slower and then increased during about 10 - 15 shots. There was no grease or oil on the hammer or spring that could have viscosity change. I found the the spring tension changed for some reason I did not know why. I doubt it was temperature as it would do that even when the temperature was the same. I replaced the spring with a stronger / stiffer one and now the speed is constant between sessions from shot 1 onwards.

 

[SOTL]

Hi All,

Thanks for all your help, explanations and well humoured ridicule.

I am more of a lurker than a poster, and I am a bit further down the 10 000 pellets than most may think. Personally I dont think I was doing anything “stupid” well not in the sense it is used above. I am experimenting to better understand, yes trying the edge case but with a genuine interest. It is more like “Stupid” in the proverbial stupid question…

I largely dont care if I get a great tune I want to understand what is at play, what levers can be pulled which have the greatest effect which are the 80%ers which are the 20% ers and 1% ers for me it’s understanding 1st, then systemisation …the tune comes later, even then it can be improved.

I do understand the ballet that has to be achieved in tuning and I appreciate that is seems a dark art but so far in my journey I see it as really nothing more than smaller steps that add. Identifying the nodes where pressure and force balance to give well metered dose of air for a given combination of hardware, setup and projectile resistance to that puff of air. Then there are the harmonics of the actual barrel, again nodular. Its turtles all the way down…

This is then overlayed with another variable in projectiles which also have this nodularity and where the two overlap you get a sweet spot that all the stars align and Venus is rising in Capricorn and all the pellets go through the same hole.

However - My question is absurdly simple (even though, I complicated with too much information)…

What are the Actual physical Mechanics at play, that cause a decrease in velocity when the air pressure remains constant but the hammer force is increased?

This is the inverse of what is expected, so to me is worth exploring, It is reproducible, so not esoteric. It is, in a word anomalous. It doesn't fit my understanding or my mental model. Also it makes a weird, hollow thud and I’d like to understand it.

So far the best explanation is the time in flight - football analogy. Which in the gun would be that the 100 bar behind the valve has an activation energy of lets say X newtons. if you hit it with X -1 newtons the valve will not activate. Any thing greater than X opens the valve. Once open the moving air leaving the plenum exerts a drag on the valve seating body which decelerates the valve and reverses its direction and it eventually seats again. Increasing the force (HST) just increases the dwell between open and closed, this continues until the valve hits something while traveling in the direction the hammer sent it.

If hit sufficiently hard the valve will travel so far that the drag does not have time to decelerate, stop, reverse, accelerate and reseat the valve instead it hits a physical stop. Either a hard stop or a spring which then causes it to bounce, reverse direction and reseat. The surplus energy that overcame the activation, the drag and forces that tried to slow and reverse the valve is translated into an elastic bounce and hence a faster time in flight, or less time out of the seat, corresponding to less volume of air and a slower velocity.

While that all makes sense to me it is just a hypothesis, does anyone know this is correct, partially correct or just plain wrong?

I do really enjoy this and really do appreciate all the responses as each makes us all a little smarter.

Many thanks
SOTL

 

[AlanMcD]

Hi All,

Thanks for all your help, explanations and well humoured ridicule.

I am more of a lurker than a poster, and I am a bit further down the 10 000 pellets than most may think. Personally I dont think I was doing anything “stupid” well not in the sense it is used above. I am experimenting to better understand, yes trying the edge case but with a genuine interest. It is more like “Stupid” in the proverbial stupid question…

I largely dont care if I get a great tune I want to understand what is at play, what levers can be pulled which have the greatest effect which are the 80%ers which are the 20% ers and 1% ers for me it’s understanding 1st, then systemisation …the tune comes later, even then it can be improved.

I do understand the ballet that has to be achieved in tuning and I appreciate that is seems a dark art but so far in my journey I see it as really nothing more than smaller steps that add. Identifying the nodes where pressure and force balance to give well metered dose of air for a given combination of hardware, setup and projectile resistance to that puff of air.

This is then overlayed with another variable in projectiles which also have this nodularity and where the two overlap you get a sweet spot that all the stars align and Venus is rising in Capricorn and all the pellets go through the same hole.

However - My original question is absurdly simple (even though, I complicated with too much information)…

What are the Actual physical Mechanics at play, that cause a decrease in velocity when the air pressure remains constant but the hammer force is increased?

This is the inverse of what is expected, so to me is worth exploring, It is reproducible, so not esoteric. It is, in a word anomalous. It doesn't fit my understanding or my mental model. Also it makes a weird, hollow thud and I’d like to understand it.

So far the best explanation is the time in flight - football analogy. Which in the gun would be that the 100 bar behind the valve has an activation energy of lets say X newtons. if you hit it with X -1 newtons the valve will not activate. Any thing greater than X opens the valve. Once open the moving air leaving the plenum exerts a drag on the valve seating body which decelerates the valve and reverses its direction and it eventually seats again. Increasing the force (HST) just increases the dwell between open and closed, this continues until the valve hits something while traveling in the direction the hammer
sent it.

If hit sufficiently hard the valve will travel so far that the drag does not have time to decelerate, stop, reverse, accelerate and reseat the valve instead it hits a physical stop. Either a hard stop or a spring which then causes it to bounce, reverse direction and reseat. The surplus energy that overcame the activation, the drag and forces that tried to slow and reverse the valve is translated into an elastic bounce and hence a faster time in flight, or less time out of the seat, corresponding to less volume of air and a slower velocity.

While that all makes sense to me it is just a hypothesis, does anyone know this is correct, partially correct or just plain wrong.

I do really enjoy this and really do appreciate all the responses as each makes us all a little smarter.

Many thanks
SOTL

Go back and re-read my response (#7) and stovepipe's (#11) , and think about it some more . . .

You are forgetting that the "valve" is an assembly, and specifically relevant to your question is that there is a "body" and a "poppet" with a stem - that stem is what the hammer/striker is hitting when everything is in normal operating ranges for the system. When there is way too much hammer spring force, the poppet bottoms out and the hammer/striker hits the valve body. It can rebound off this and close faster than it would with less energy, and thus less air gets released. It really is that simple.

 

[ThE PuNiShEr]

Здравейте всички,

Благодаря за цялата ви помощ, обяснения и добре подигравка.

Аз съм по-скоро дебнещ, отколкото плакат, и съм малко по-надолу от 10 000 пелета, отколкото повечето си мислят. Лично аз не мисля, че съм направил нещо „глупаво“, не и в смисъла, използван по-горе. Експериментирам, за да разбера по-добре, да, опитвайки крайния случай, но с истински интерес. По-скоро е „Глупав“ в пословичния глупав въпрос…

До голяма степен не ме интересува дали получавам страхотна мелодия. Искам да разбера какво се играе, какви лостове могат да бъдат дръпнати, които имат най-голям ефект кои са 80% кои са 20% и 1% за мен това е разбиране 1-ви , след това систематизация ... мелодията идва по-късно, дори тогава може да се подобри.

Разбирам балета, който трябва да се постигне в настройката и оценявам, че изглежда тъмно изкуство, но досега в моето пътуване го виждам като нищо повече от по-малки стъпки, които добавят. Идентифициране на възлите, където налягането и силата балансират, за да осигурят добре измерена доза въздух за дадена комбинация от хардуер, настройка и съпротивление на снаряда срещу тази струя въздух.

След това това се наслагва с друга променлива в снаряди, които също имат тази нодуларност и където двете се припокриват, получавате приятно място, че всички звезди са подредени и Венера изгрява в Козирог и всички пелети преминават през една и съща дупка.

Въпреки това - първоначалният ми въпрос е абсурдно прост (въпреки че усложних с твърде много информация)...

Кои са действителните физични механизми, които причиняват намаляване на скоростта, когато въздушното налягане остава постоянно, но силата на удара се увеличава?

Това е обратното на това, което се очаква, така че според мен си струва да се проучи, то е възпроизводимо, така че не е езотерично. Това е, с една дума, аномално. Не отговаря на моите разбирания или на моя умствен модел. Освен това издава странно, глухо тупване и бих искал да го разбера.

Засега най-доброто обяснение е времето в полет - футболна аналогия. Което в пистолета би означавало, че 100 бара зад клапана имат активираща енергия от да кажем X нютона. ако го ударите с X -1 нютона, клапанът няма да се активира. Всичко, което е по-голямо от X, отваря клапана. Веднъж отворен, движещият се въздух, напускащ пленума, упражнява съпротивление върху тялото на клапана, което забавя клапана и обръща посоката му и в крайна сметка той сяда отново. Увеличаването на силата (HST) просто увеличава времето на престой между отворено и затворено, това продължава, докато вентилът удари нещо, докато се движи в посоката на чука
изпрати го.

Ако се удари достатъчно силно, клапанът ще се движи толкова далеч, че съпротивлението няма време да забави, спре, обърне, ускори и постави обратно клапана, вместо това той удря физическо спиране. Или силно спиране, или пружина, която след това го кара да отскочи, да обърне посоката и да се постави отново. Излишната енергия, която е преодоляла активирането, съпротивлението и силите, които са се опитали да забавят и обърнат клапана, се превръща в еластичен отскок и следователно по-бързо време в полет или по-малко време извън седалката, съответстващо на по-малък обем въздух и по-бавна скорост.

Въпреки че всичко това има смисъл за мен, това е просто хипотеза, някой знае ли, че това е правилно, частично правилно или просто погрешно.

Наистина ми харесва това и наистина оценявам всички отговори, тъй като всеки ни прави малко по-умни.

много благодаря
SOTL

Отговора на въпроса ти приятел е само един а именно : Излишно количество въздух което довежда до забавената скорост.