In terms of non-lethal ways of discouraging raccoons, for a long time I had little luck. I have chickens, so I can't get rid of food on my property entirely. But it saddened me to be massacring the local raccoon population.
I had been looking for a way of giving the raccoons an option -- to make them think twice about coming on to my property -- some sort of "sporting chance" where if they screwed up, then I'd kill them.
I had the idea to buy a really **really insanely** bright flashlight with a focused beam. Raccoons have a tendency to look at flashlights. But if your flashlight is bright enough, it seems to do a good job of getting the raccoon to leave -- and not come back.
So far, it's worked. I shine the flashlight in their eyes, and more often than not, they don't come back.
My guess is the temporary blindness is bad-enough to give them a bad memory of my property.